Issue link: https://www.massageandbodyworkdigital.com/i/588318
36 m a s s a g e & b o d y w o r k n o v e m b e r / d e c e m b e r 2 0 1 5 PATHOLOGY PERSPECTIVES found in the margins on the same page for instant incorporation. Further, for those who use the ebook, a clickable audio glossary provides an instant recording of the word in question. Cognitive Domain Level 1: Receive and Respond The first level of learning, according to the ELAP taxonomy, 3 involves the transfer of basic facts. This is where the objective of knowing the definition of specific pathologies might fall. I chose also to treat the discussion of etiology and signs and symptoms at this level, but a higher-learning setting might bump those topics up a notch on the learning scale, since being able to link an understanding of pathophysiology to a condition's signs and symptoms reveals the ability to apply concepts in an abstract way. Receive-and-respond type learning is the foundation on which all more abstract thinking must be built. It is also the type of learning that lends itself to the simplest forms of assessment. A typical Level 1 test question might look like this: What is a synonym for adhesive capsulitis? a. Jumper's knee b. Student's elbow c. Frozen shoulder d. Lockjaw The answer is C (congratulations— I knew you could do it). Cognitive Domain Level 2: Apply This asks learners to use what they find in the pages of MTGP to help make decisions for their clients (critical thinking and clinical reasoning, at least at a basic level). In the text, this is covered in "Risk/Benefit" boxes that conclude each discussion. This has to be a nuanced conversation, because the answers may be determined by many variables. It is impossible to rubber stamp recommendations, so instead I encourage students to consider these simple questions: • What are the best things that could happen because of your massage? • What are the worst things that could happen because of your massage? • How can you design a session that maximizes the benefits and eliminates the risks? Level 2 questions look like this, at varying levels of complexity: Cognitive Domain Psychomotor Domain Affective Domain Interpersonal Domain Level 1: Receive and Respond Attain and comprehend Observe and imitate Receive and respond Seek and support Level 2 : Apply Use and connect Practice and refine Value Communicate and negotiate Level 3: Problem Solve Choose and plan Naturalize and adapt Integrate and internalize Compromise and resolve EL AP TA XONOMY The next time you see a client with a condition that you're not familiar with, I encourage you to put on your critical thinking/ clinical reasoning cap.