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A B M P m e m b e r s ea r n F R E E C E h o u r s by rea d i n g t h i s i s s u e ! 75 Dutch cloth merchant-turned-microscope-enthusiast Anton van Leeuwenhoek. Scientifi c exploration exploded across Western Europe, and while it's tempting to give one person credit for a major discovery, Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek communicated extensively with each other through letters about their fi ndings. 3. The concept of tissues was fi rst proposed by 18th-century French anatomist Xavier Bichat, who saw tissues as a central element in human anatomy. While biologists recognize four tissue categories today, Bichat originally proposed 21 tissue types. Nicole Trombley and Rachelle Clauson, massage therapists, authors, teachers, and co-directors of AnatomySCAPES, lead you beneath the surface in their highly interactive Dissection Lab Workshops and online continuing education courses for hands-on professionals. They help you discover what real anatomy looks and feels like and how it moves and relates to its surroundings. ABMP members save 20 percent on their online courses at anatomyscapes.com/ABMP. RESOURCES Mukherjee, S. The Song of the Cell (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2022.) Pawlina, W. Histology: A Text and Atlas (Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer, 2023). ANATOMY FOR TOUCH Explore More Check out the authors' additional resources at abmp.com/anatomy. Microview: Four tissue types. The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of cells and an understanding of how they work together in tissues. Today, the microscope is still the tool of choice to study tissues, a field of study known as histology. These four images are samples of the four tissue families. (A) Epithelial: Stained blue and lined up shoulder to shoulder around the lumen of a kidney duct, epithelial cells create a protective barrier. (B) Muscle: A muscle in cross section reveals the magenta-stained muscle tissue completely embedded in its white connective tissue framework. (C) Nervous: Densely concentrated, bright yellow and red- stained nervous tissue at the anterior horn of the spinal cord. (D) Connective: A longitudinal section of a tendon, with its pink-stained, neatly arranged, parallel bundles of collagen fibers that follow along the line of force transmission. 2 NEW PERSPECTIVE, NEW VOCABULARY Thinking about anatomy in terms of tissues gives us a new vocabulary to talk about the things that don't make the cut in our anatomy books—the stuff around and between the muscles, bones, and nerves. This includes the subcutaneous fat, the enveloping and interpenetrating deep fascia of individual muscles and groups of muscles, the loose connective tissue that allows muscles to slide against each other, and even scar tissue. WHAT'S NEXT? Knowing a little more about tissues opens new conversations about the anatomy we touch. We can start exploring the reasons behind differing tissue qualities (dense, stiff, or elastic) and tissue relationships (how tissues move in relation to each other). The condition of these tissues impacts our clients' health and well-being, and we affect them with every massage. Notes 1. Dutch opticians Hans and Zacharias Janssen are often credited with inventing the fi rst most basic microscope in the 17th century. Advancements in spectacle-making led to new tools for scientifi c exploration, including telescopes and microscopes. 2. British scientist Robert Hooke fi rst coined the term cells in 1665 after observing the honeycomb network of plant cell walls in cork. Around the same time, living cells were documented by A C B D