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A B M P m e m b e r s ea r n F R E E C E h o u r s by rea d i n g t h i s i s s u e ! 27 The lateral and syndesmotic ankle ligaments (right foot). Image courtesy of Complete Anatomy. The medial ankle ligaments (right foot). Image courtesy of Complete Anatomy. 2 3 Numerous muscles and tendons play vital roles in the ankle's structure and function, contributing to movement and stability. The Achilles tendon, the largest in the body, connects the calf muscles to the calcaneus, enabling the powerful plantar f lexion needed for propulsion. The fibularis (peroneal) tendons, crucial for eversion and stabilization, run along the ankle's outer side, helping us navigate uneven terrains. Internally, the tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, and f lexor hallucis longus tendons assist in various movements, support the arch, and contribute to overall stability. The ankle's structure is designed for stability and f lexibility and is crucial for bearing weight and executing various movements. A thorough understanding of this anatomy is paramount for practitioners to accurately assess and treat ankle sprains. BIOMECHANICS Anatomy helps us understand structure, but it is also imperative that we understand the mechanical function of these ligaments and joints. The primary movements of the ankle are dorsif lexion and plantar f lexion, both occurring at the talocrural joint. Typically, the ankle can move about 20 degrees in dorsif lexion and up to 50 degrees in plantar f lexion. The ankle complex also enables inversion and eversion movements, predominantly occurring at the subtalar joint. Inversion involves raising the foot's medial edge and turning the sole inward, while eversion entails lifting the lateral edge and turning the sole outward. These movements are essential for navigating uneven surfaces and maintaining stability during dynamic activities. A B M P m e m b e r s ea r n F R E E C E h o u r s by rea d i n g t h i s i s s u e ! 27 Understanding ankle biomechanics will direct your treatment and rehabilitation. The ankle distributes forces in specific patterns during various activities. For instance, walking begins with a heel strike, transitioning forces through the ankle as the foot f lattens and the body's weight moves forward. The forces peak during push-off, demanding substantial plantar f lexion strength and stability. Running intensifies these forces, requiring enhanced shock absorption upon landing and more powerful propulsion during push-off. Ligaments and tendons in the ankle play pivotal roles in joint stabilization, while muscles manage the force production. Ankle sprains can lead to pain and instability, significantly impacting smooth and efficient movement. Therefore, understanding ankle biomechanics will direct your treatment and rehabilitation. Syndesmosis ligaments Deltoid ligament group Lateral ligaments PTFL ATFL CFL