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L i s te n to T h e A B M P Po d c a s t a t a b m p.co m /p o d c a s t s o r w h e reve r yo u a cce s s yo u r favo r i te p o d c a s t s 31 down her back and right leg. Composed of the epidermis and dermis, skin begins fascia's journey at the surface. Though the epidermis is made of epithelial cells and is not a part of the fascial system, the deeper dermis is made of collagen-rich connective tissue and is part of the body-wide fascial network. The skin is included on FR:EIA in order to show fascia in context with the body's outermost wrapping. The Superfi cial Fascia Starting to sink gently below the surface, FR:EIA's superficial fascia is shown softly curling away from her right shoulder like an evening shawl and spiraling down her right side. Within the superficial fascia, there are three "layers" —the superficial adipose tissue, the superficial fascia membrane, and the deep adipose tissue. These distinctions within the subcutis (another name for superficial fascia) make up the superficial fascia. Reminiscent of honeycomb or bubble wrap, the superficial fascia bridges our skin to the deeper tissues through skin ligaments, called retinacula cutis, providing structure and order for our fat lobules. It is important to note the fat that was housed in FR:EIA's superficial fascia has been dissolved as a natural effect of the plastination process. Fat will not plastinate, but the collagen- rich scaffolding remains, leaving an empty framework where the yellow fat lobules once lived. "I have hope that FR:EIA will teach and inspire a multitude of people to not only learn the anatomy, but to also have an appreciation for what is creating the framework of the human body." —Joel Talsma, Portland, Maine: Team FR:EIA dissector, assistant professor of anatomy at the University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine THE DEEP FASCIA Fascia expresses itself with different qualities and characteristics. Deep fascia can be categorized into two main types: fibrous, strapping tape-like aponeurotic deep fascia and the more membranous, shrink wrap- like epimysial deep fascia. Together, they cover the body from head to toe underneath the superficial fascia. Both can be seen on FR:EIA, giving her an almost iridescent white color, in striking contrast to the red muscle charts we are used to seeing, devoid of their deep fascial coverings. Aponeurotic fascia has a different organization on the torso than on the limbs. On the limbs, it keeps groups of muscles in place; on the torso, it serves as an insertion for broad muscles. On FR:EIA's limbs, this dense fascia can be seen enveloping her arms and legs like sleeves and stockings, dividing the muscles into groups through fascial walls that dive deep to the bone. On her torso, we can see her aponeurotic fascia in areas of muscular convergences, including her thoracolumbar fascia and rectus sheath. Deep aponeurotic fascia supplies structural stability, force transmission capacity, and energy efficiency to groups of muscles. It is also known to be highly innervated with proprioceptive nerve endings, especially near the joints and retinacula. VIDEO: "FR:EIA—UNVEILING OF THE WORLD'S FIRST 3D HUMAN FASCIA PLASTINATE, BODY WORLDS MUSEUM, BERLIN" 1. Open your camera 2. Scan the code 3. Tap on notification 4. Watch! SUPERFICIAL FASCIA Reminiscent of honeycomb or bubble wrap, the superfi cial fascia bridges our skin to the deeper tissues through skin ligaments, or retinacula cutis, providing structure and order for our fat lobules. 1 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 1. Trapezius 2. Deep fascia of the trapezius 3. Superfi cial fascia membrane 4. Superfi cial adipose tissue 5. Skin ligaments (retinacula cutis superfi cialis) 6. Skin