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FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY education The human body utilizes various systems to direct forces in and through weight-bearing structures during movement. These systems mechanically redirect and absorb impact, adjust for dynamic and uneven surfaces, and maintain a stable base of support. To maximize function, suspension systems in the foot, knee, pelvis, and spine balance optimal directional rigidity with joint mobility to accurately transfer kinetic energy through the kinematic chain. Focusing on the foot and ankle, this complex structure must adapt and adjust, providing static support when standing and dynamic management of ground contact during upright movement. While there are some parallels between the architecture of the human hand and foot, there is also significant variation due to the weight-bearing nature of the lower extremity. Greater rigidity and stability is required of the foot in order to manage interactions between the full weight of the body and the ground. Force Distribution in the Foot By Christy Cael Neck of fibula The soleal line of the tibia marks the attachment of the soleus muscle Tibia Medial malleolus Middle phalanges Lateral malleolus Talus Talus Navicular Cuneiforms Metatarsals Proximal phalanx Distal phalanx Calcaneus Tarsal bones Tarsal bones The subtalar joint is located distal to the talocrural joint and includes articulations between the talus and calcaneous. It works with the talocalcaneonavicular joint to allow inversion and eversion of the foot. } } Cuboid Fibula 44 m a s s a g e & b o d y w o r k j a n u a r y / f e b r u a r y 2 0 1 8