Contributors and Reviewers
• Adrienne F. Asta, LMT
• Jill Kristin Berkana, LMT, BCTMB,
Berkana Institute of Massage Therapy
• Kerry Jordan, LMT, Healwell
• Annie LaCroix, Columbia River Institute
• Whitney Lowe, Academy of
Clinical Massage
• Til Luchau (with special thanks for providing
the title), Advanced-Trainings
• Carole Osborne, BCMT, Body
Therapy Education
in Kelantan." The Medical Journal
of Malaysia 42, no. 1, 56–7.
Ryu, J. I., Han, M. H., Kim, J. M., Kim, C.
H., & Cheong, J. H. (2018). "Cervical
Epidural Hematoma That Induced
Sudden Paraparesis After Cervical Spine
Massage: Case Report and Literature
Review." World Neurosurgery 112,
217–20. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.178
Tak, S., Tak, S., & Gupta, A. (2014).
"Peripheral Embolisation After
an Abdominal Massage." BMJ
Case Reports, 2014. https://doi.
org/10.1136/bcr-2013-200827
Trotter, J. F. (1999). "Hepatic Hematoma
after Deep Tissue Massage." New
England Journal of Medicine 341, no.
26, 2,019–20. https://doi.org/10.1056/
NEJM199912233412616
Vanichkulbodee, A., Issaragrisil, S., &
Inboriboon, P. C. (2019). "Massage-
Induced Spinal Epidural Hematoma
Presenting with Delayed Paraplegia." The
American Journal of Emergency
Medicine 37, no. 4, 797.e1–797.e4.
doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2019.01.017
Wu, Y.-Y., Hsu, W.-C., & Wang, H.-C.
(2010). "Posterior Interosseous Nerve
Palsy as a Complication of Friction
Massage in Tennis Elbow." American
Journal of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation 89, no. 8, 668. https://doi.
org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181c567af
Yang, S.-D., Chen, Q., & Ding, W.-Y.
(2018). "Cauda Equina Syndrome
Due to Vigorous Back Massage With
Spinal Manipulation in a Patient With
Pre-Existing Lumbar Disc Herniation:
A Case Report and Literature Review."
American Journal of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation 97, no. 4, e23–e26. https://
doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000000809
Yin, P., Gao, N., Wu, J., Litscher, G., & Xu,
S. (2014). "Adverse Events of Massage
Therapy in Pain-Related Conditions:
a Systematic Review." Evidence-
Based Complementary and Alternative
Medicine eCAM, 2014, 480956.
doi:10.1155/2014/480956
Ruth Werner is a former massage
therapist, a writer, and an NCBTMB-
approved continuing education provider.
She wrote A Massage Therapist's
Guide to Pathology (available at
BooksofDiscovery.com), now in its
seventh edition, which is used in
massage schools worldwide. Werner
is available at www.ruthwerner.com
or wernerworkshops@ruthwerner.com.
Watch "Endangerment Sites: A Conversation with Whitney Lowe"